The “highest” eye doctor—the type with the most extensive training—is an ophthalmologist, who must hold an MD degree before completing four years of additional ophthalmology schooling. Subspecialists in the field require still more education.

Visit your medical optometrist for primary medical eye care, including eye medication prescriptions, monitoring and managing eye diseases, or emergency eye care services. Visit an ophthalmologist for interventions like surgical treatments for serious eye diseases, advanced ocular problems, or refractive eye surgery.

A retina specialist is an ophthalmologist who has undergone additional, intensive training to specialize in diseases and conditions related to the vitreous and retina in both adults and children. Most patients are referred to retina specialists after a comprehensive eye exam by an optometrist or ophthalmologist.