Thyroid Eye Disease

 

Thyroid eye disease, also known as Graves’ Disease, Basedow’s disease, or endocrine exophthalmopathy, is a condition they may occur in patients with excessive thyroid hormone concentration. The thyroid gland is located in the neck area around what is commonly called the “Adam’s apple” or larynx. The thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormone which is responsible for regulating metabolism. With too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism), the body becomes overactive and anxious. With too little thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism), the body becomes sluggish and tired.

In thyroid eye disease, the body turns on itself and creates antibodies (which normally fight off infection) that actually attack healthy tissue. Connective tissue of the eye is attacked causing inflammation in the eye’s muscles, fat, and soft tissue. This process can cause bulging of the eyes (proptosis), swelling of the eyelids, retraction of the eyelids, swelling of the conjunctiva, drying and ulceration of the cornea, double vision, or optic nerve damage. 

Thyroid eye disease is very unpredictable and the progression varies from person to person. Once you have had thyroid disease, regular eye exams are extremely important as changes may occur even decades after hormone levels have stabilized. 

Treating thyroid eye disease first involves regulating the thyroid hormone levels. In early stages, lubricating eye drops or ointments may be used to relieve the symptom of dry eyes associated with the inability to close the eye lids. In advanced stages, oral steroids or even surgery may be necessary to help the eyelids close properly.

 

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